la+immune+SAC

One of the criteria for the immune response SAC requires you to show your progress in developing your presentation. On this page you should have the following. You should show your planning of the presentation, such as the images chosen and information you want to convey. This includes how you broke up your topic into the various sections. You should also include why you sequenced the images the way you did and the collating of information. It is important that you acknowledge any sources of information (including images) below. You will also need to upload your audio file onto this page.

= **CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY** =

I have chosen to do this topic because i feel it is my weakest area under the heading of 'immunity'. So hopefully this (TIME-CONSUMING) task will improve my understanding and my overall ability to explain confidentally the important concepts (and anything really) of cell-mediated immunity.

plan + ideas for script/presentation
- roller coaster ride through the lymphatic system

__**INTRO:**__ immunity is the body's ability to resist a disease. this includes various methods of detection, protection and combating the cause of the disease. there are two broad types: specific and non-specific responses.
 * brief intro on 'immunity':**

__non-specific immunity__ (AKA innate immune response) is a general defensive response against a foreign invader, and is the same for each infection, irrespective of the invading microbe. it consists of a 1st line of defense and a 2nd line of defense. Remember: there is __no__ memory obtained in non-specific immunity!
 * what is the different b/w non-specific and specific immunity? (brief)**
 * 1st line of defense is the external barriers such as skin and hair.
 * 2nd line of defense is the internal defense mechanisms such as macrophages which engulf the foreign body, or bleeding which prevents foreign material from entering via an open wound, or also cytokines (signalling molecules) which signal lymphocytes about intrusion in various ways.

__specific immunity__ (AKA adaptive immune response) consists of a 3rd line of defense which is: Specific immunity can be divided into two responses: the humoral and the cell-mediated response.
 * the ability to distinguish b/w self and non-self, and detecting any foreign antigens; [forgot what antigens are? fine ill remind you: they are glycoproteins found on the surface or membrane of cells, and act as markers for recognition (when distinguishing b/w self and non-self); Remember it is these markers that stimulate our lymphocytes to begin the immune response.]
 * very specific to each pathogen or infection, and memory IS acquired of that particular invader so that next time (if it stubbornly decides to invade us again!) the response will be much greater and more rapid.

Humoral response involves plasma B-cells secreting antibodies, and fighting against the __antigen__ of the invading pathogen, whereas the Cell-Mediated response involves T-lymphocytes attacking the __actual, whole cell or body__ that has invaded, (whether it’s either an invading cellular-pathogen, or an infected body cell, which would have been infected by a non-cellular pathogen such as a virus).
 * what is the difference b/w humoral and cell-mediated response? (brief)**

I will be going into detail about cell-mediated immunity. So for more info and detail on Humoral immunity listen to MW, LB or DV.

Four types of T-cells: helper, cytotoxic, suppressor and memory. - stimulate plasma B-cells to produce and secrete specific antibodies. **--> SECURITY / THE GENERAL. Tc** - destroy membrane of an virus-infected body cell. **--> ARMY. Ts** - the "off switch" - reduces the activity of immune cells in order to save energy, once the foreign antigen has been defeated. If the Ts aren't activated then this could lead to autoimmune diseases eg. rheumotoid arthritis or MS. **--> THE HIPPIE!(all about peace, "its all good, they're with us...") / THE OFF SWITCH.**
 * __GETTING INTO IT:__**
 * WHO'S INVOLVED?:**
 * Th** - detect foreign antigens on an infected body cell or on an APC (Antigen Presenting Cell, eg. phagocyte, which has engulfed the pathogen and presented its antigens on its surface which signals the helper t-cells).
 * Tm** - remains in the Lymph (fluid of the lymphatic system containing WBCs), and __remembers__ that particular invading foreigner: so in case it decides to intrude/invade us again, these memory T-cells will come to the rescue, triggering a greater, more rapid response on this second infection. **--> MEDIA / JOURNALIST / NEWS REPORTER. ?**

pathogen intrusion phagocyte engulfs pathogen and presents the foreign antigens. it releases interleukin-1 to activate Th cells Th cells detect the non-self antigen and bind to it This binding stimulates the release of interleukin-2 which has various responses: - activates B-cells to differentiate into plasma cells which leads into a humoral response - activates Tc cells to release perforin which stab holes in the infected cell membranes, causing apoptosis (programmed cell death, which is a slower process than cell lysis) - stimulates Th cell devision and proliferation Ts cells enter the scene once the invader has been defeated. They act as the 'off switch' of the response, as their role is to __slow down__ the activity of the immune cells, in order to save energy. Also, ... IMPORTANT: To 'finish off' this particular cell-mediated response, Memory T-cells cells are activated. This is __extremely__ important in all specific immune responses, as they allow responses to occur more rapidly for a possible secondary infection (from that particular pathogen again), by literally acquiring MEMORY of the pathogen on the first or inital infection. --> MEDIA
 * WHAT HAPPENS?:**

__HIV:__ By understanding how Th-cells operate, we are now able to understand why HIV sufferers get very sick from infections that dont normally occur in people with a healthy immune system, (opportunistic infections). This is b/c the virus invades Th cells, preventing them from doing their job. --> PATHOGENS CAN GET PAST SECURITY THROUGH THE BACK DOOR!
 * Application to Medicine:**

__organ and tissue transplants:__ immunosuppressive drugs: weaken and suppress the immune system, so that it doesnt recognise the transplanted organ cells as foreign. - helper t cells are responsible for detecing the transplanted organ as non-self due to their foreign antigens, SO with immunosuppressive drugs, t cells are weakened and so that detection and 'war' doesnt occur. --> this is why transplants are able to be a successful procedure. HOWEVER, these drugs suppress the entire immune system which leaves the patient at a greater risk of opportunistic infections.

- summarise the process. ? - show a summary diagram. ? - after medicine application: "... this is why detailed knowledge of cell-mediated immunity is extremely important..." --> hope you enjoyed the roller coaster ride!
 * __END:__**

- be clear and succinct - think of __analogies__ - 'interact' with audience - show interesting + relevant images --> explain them ? - dont be long and boring! -
 * __IN THE PROCESS:__**
 * how will i communicate the info WELL?!:**

- obtaining a complete, detailed understading on the cell-mediated response!!! (which is why i am essentially doing this topic)... - am i forgetting something? am i putting too much in? ...! - explainingor describing the images ive chosen in my recording - staying under 5mins!! -
 * challenges for me:**

- biology coursenotes: #7 + #8. - biology text book: Heinemann, Biology 2, 4th Edition, VCE Units 3 and 4, (many authors). - vojtech's wonderous knowledge.
 * RESOURCES USED:**

[]#
 * VIDEOS** - to further my understanding of this process/response through VISUAL aids:

i may not necessarily choose to use all of the images i have picked out in the end.... or i may change or add some... (note: the site used is UNDER the image)
 * IMAGES:**

[] []  [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []

[]

[]

[]

[] []  []

[] []  [] [] []

[] [] []

more sites of images: [] [] [] [] [] []