ak+immune+SAC

One of the criteria for the immune response SAC requires you to show your progress in developing your presentation. On this page you should have the following. You should show your planning of the presentation, such as the images chosen and information you want to convey. This includes how you broke up your topic into the various sections. You should also include why you sequenced the images the way you did and the collating of information. It is important that you acknowledge any sources of information (including images) below. You will also need to upload your audio file onto this page.

The reason I have chosen to research tissue tranplants is because I find it quite fascinating that our bodies need something, such as a heart to survive, but yet when we receive one via a transplant we bodies reject it and destory it even though we need it so much.

- define self and non-self - aspects of the immune system that destroy tranplanted tissue - different types of rejection - immunosuppressive drugs
 * Tissue/Organ Transplant:**

i'll be asking/answering a serious of questions in my presentation: - The difference between self and non-self is vital in understanding tissue transplants and the associated problems. - Cells of our body have unique markers that enable our cells to recognise what belongs and what doesn’t. - Self refers to a cell that has the unique markers that are present on all our cells, they are recognised as belonging. - Non-self refers to cells or foreign substances hat have markers on their cells that are recognised as not belonging, therefore non-self.
 * __What is the difference between self and non-self?__**

- Tissue/organ transplant is the moving of an organ or tissue from one body to another in order to replace tissue or organs that are damaged or failing to function properly. - Transplants can be from living or deceased bodies.
 * __What is tissue/organ transplant?__**

- **Autograft** transplants are in which the receiver and the donor are the same person. This does not pose any problems as the antigens on the transplanted tissue are recognised as self. E.g. skin graft - **Allograft** transplants involve the transplantation of organs/tissue from different organisms of the same species. E.g. transplanted a heart from a deceased individual to a living individual. Allograft transplants cause the most problems as the new organ or tissue is considered as a foreign substance by the body.
 * __What are the different types of organ transplant?__**

- Once transplanted into our bodies, it has bypassed the first and second line of defence, as it has passed through the physical barrier of the skin (1st line) - It has also bypassed macrophages and a variety of other internal defences (2nd line) - Tissue that has been transplanted from one organism to another is recognised as non-self by our bodies. - As a result our bodies try and destroy this new tissue or organ leading us to the same predicament as before, organ failure. The destruction of transplanted tissue/organs occurs through the cell-mediated response and the humoral response. Antibodies are produced, and cytotoxic T cells are signalled to destroy the cells of the organ or tissue.
 * __Why do our bodies reject transplant tissue from another human?__**

-** Immunosuppressive drugs are taken by transplant patients in order to suppress their immune system so that their new organ or tissue is not destroyed as a result of being recognised as non-self. They work by acting specifically agaisnt helper T cells, so that the cytotoxic T cells can not destroy the cells of the transplanted organ/tissue and so that B cells can not produce apropriate antibodies. More specifically some immunosuppressive drugs, such as glucorticoid, interfere with the production of different interleukins. The use of immunosupressive drugs results in our immune systems being compromised and the individual being more susceptible to infections and cancer.
 * __What is the role of immunosuppressive drugs? How do they work?__

Is the most widely used type of immunosuppressive drug. It is thought that the mode of action of cyclosporin is that it binds to cytotoxic T cells in order to prevent them binding with non-self cells.
 * Cyclosporin:**

Prograf is another type of immunosuppresice drug. The active ingredient is Tacrolimus which inhibits the activiation of T-lymphocytes, but the exact mechanism of inhibition is not known. [] (pg2)
 * Prograf:**

[]

__**What are the different types of rejection a person can experience?**__ - **Hyperacute:** as soon as the organ is transplanted. Only occurs if there are antibodies to the new organ present in the recipient’s bloodstream. - **Acute:** Occurs a few days after transplant. The body has had time to recognise the new organ as foreign and produce an appropriate immune response. - **Chronic rejection**: is a very gradual rejection, may take months or years. The patient may not notice an effect for some time.

The nature of biology Text book Hienemann Biology Textbook Vojtech's awesome course notes [|**http://www.howstuffworks.com/organ-transplant.htm/printable**] [|**http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/cyclosporin.htm**] [] [] [] [] [] []
 * __Sources:__**

It is proving a challenge to find suitable images... but i'll keep looking. images
 * __Images:__**

These two images are from The Nature of Biology text book: [|immune_cell_markers.jpg] I have chosen to use the image as it allows me to best explain self and non-self.

[|antigens_on_pathogen.jpg] I decided against using the above image as I feel it will not enhance my presentation as I had originally planned.

After spending a lot of time looking for images, I dedcided that resorting to paint would be the best as it allows me to convey my message exactly as I want.

I drew this image in paint in order to show the effect of cytotoxic T cells on non-self cells.

Hmm...the below picture wont appear, but the link should work. Anyway, I have created another image in paint to show the immunuspprosive drug, Prograf, inhibiting the action of Helper T cells

Although the below diagram, represents a complex signal transduction pathway, it also shows where the cyclosporin has an effect upon the T lymphocytes. I have used this diagram in order to show the complexity of our immune system as well as to show where exactly cyclosporin is effective. Source: []

The sequencing of my images was arranged so that it followed a logical sequence just like the order in which spoke.They were arranged so that it made sense, and the listener was ableto follow without any trouble.

Although I have not used a lot of images, I feel that the focus of my presentation is on the audio not the images. The images are used to help with understanding at some points. I think this is becasue I struggled to find suitable images, and it was difficult for me to draw some concepts in paint.